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PREVALENCE OF THE HELMINTH PARASITES OF Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus IN LAKE GERIYO JIMETA YOLA, ADAMAWA STATE

1-6Full Text

DOMO GA* and ESTER ST

Abstract
An investigation was carried out to compare the helminthic infections of some common species of fish namely; Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus, from the Lake Geriyo,Yola. Out of (120) samples, 48 were infected (40%). The findings indicated that both fish species were infected at (74.6%) in males of Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus and (52.4%) in females of both Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus. There was significant different in the rate of infection between males and females of the two group of fish at (P< 0.05). The common helminthes isolated in the two groups of fish were Clinostomium species (53.8%), Procammalanus species (35.7%), Serracdacnitis serrata (44.4%), and Wenyonia species (25.0%) in Oreochromis niloticus. In Clarias gariepinus, Clinostomium species (46.1%), Procammalanus species (64.3%), Serracdacnitis species (55.6%), and Wenyonia species (75%) in Clarias gariepinus. There is no significant difference at (P> 0.05). Since some of these parasites are zoonotic to fish eating birds and mammals, the fish consumers should avoid eating half cooked fish and also the public health unit of the local government should create awareness to educate the populace on the need to keep hygiene when cooking fish and also infected person should be well treated.

THE PRESENCE OF MYCOBACTERIUM SPECIES IN RAW MILK OBTAINED FROM LACTATING COWS IN LEWA AND DUDA OF VIMTIM WARDS, MUBI NORTH

7-12Full Text

DOMO GA* and ISHAKU Japhet

Abstract
A study was carried out to detect the presence of Mycobacterium species in 10 dairy herds in Lewa and Duda of Vimtim ward Mubi North Local Government Area, consisting of 100 lactating cows. The cows were mostly local breeds and some few white Fulani (Bunagi) breed. All herds were semiintensively managed and produce milk for public consumption. Cold Rapid Test (CRT) strip and ZiehlNeelsen’s stain (ZNS) specific for detection of Mycobacterium antibodies in any fluid (e.g. milk) were used. The result showed that 2% (2/100) positive for antibodies of Mycobacterium species (suspected to be M. bovis). Fresh raw milk samples were collected from cows and subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen’s Stain (ZNS) in order to detect the presence of bacilli in the milk. Thus, only 1 sample was found positive. The result obtained showed that CRT was sensitive in detecting Mycobacterium antibodies.

PREVALENCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS AMONG HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS ATTENDING GENERAL HOSPITAL MUBI, ADAMAWA STATE

13-17Full Text

DOMO GA* and WUNAMIR Jalyson

Abstract
A study was conducted in June 2010, among HIV positive patients attending General Hospital Mubi with the purpose of assessing the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the patients. Two hundred (200) samples of HIV positive patients aged 1-65 years were enrolled for the study. Glycemae C strips were used and the manufacturer’s procedures were strictly adhered to. Out of the 200 samples tested for diabetes, 28(14%) were found to diabetic, 32(16%) were found to be pre-diabetic and 140(70%) were found to be non diabetic. Out of 28 found diabetic, 9(12.8%) were males and 19(14.6%) were females. The result according to age shows that 1-9 years, 3 samples only were collected and none was found to be diabetic, 10-19 years, 6 samples were examined and none was found to be diabetic, 20-29, 40 samples were tested, 6(15%) were diabetic, 30-39 years, 98 samples were tested 8 (8.2%) were diabetic. 40 years and above 43 samples were tested 14(26.4) were diabetic. The female proportion was significantly higher than that of male (4.5%) at P<0.05.

Liberty in Discourses of Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Taleghani

18-22Full Text

Malihe Tabatabai and Amir Dabirimehr*

Abstract
In the last hundred years, Iranian clergy and intellectuals have been the main reference in the social, political, and intellectual affairs. Before the beginning of the new age, spirituality was the only political spokesman and representative of the people against the governments; however, with the advent of the intellectual phenomenon, created along with introduction of Iranian community with the west and its modern phenomena, Iranian intellectuals appeared as a social stratum on the scene of action. Meanwhile, Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Taleghani, pioneers in the religious intellectual movement in Iran, had religious innovation and moderate views in the diverse areas. Wisdom, the idea of evolution in the field of education and propaganda, revival of pure religious thoughts, struggle for freedom and justice are parts of their cultural efforts and struggles. This paper tries to create a greater recognition and comparison of the thoughts of Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Taleghani, particularly the concept of freedom using the descriptive and analytical methods.

Englishness in E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India

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Frouzan Naghshbandi and Bahman Zarrinjooee*

Abstract
This paper deals with E. M. Forster’s (1879 - 1970) A Passage to India (1924) through the theories of postcolonial critics, such as Robert J. C. Young (1950- ) and Edward W. Said (1935-2003) to examine colonial impacts on Indians’ life. Forster portrays the colonizer’s ideology of superiority of White race and its culture and the constructed inferiority of India and Indians in his novel. This paper also shows how the British officials in India invariably consider and treat Indians stereotypically as ‘other.’ A Passage to India like every colonial discourse privileges the Europe and the European as ‘Us’, while the Indians and their culture are presented as inferior and ‘Other’. It highlights the impact of ‘Englishness’ on the indigenous culture and identity. Moreover, this paper argues that A Passage to India, as a colonial discourse, solidifies and reinforces the stereotypical images of India and Indians. It also exposes the British inherent preconception toward Indians. Finally, the paper highlights the portrayal of the internal divisions and challenges among the Indians in relation to social and religious grounds. In other words, this procedure justifies and perpetuates the presence of the British Raj in India.

The Effect of Dietary Microbial Phytase Enzyme supplementation on the performance of broiler chicks

30-34Full Text

Mohamed AS, Mohamed KA and Mukhtar Ahmed Mukhtar*

Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the ability of supplemental microbial phytase enzyme (500FTU) to improve the utilization of essential amino acids mainly (lysine and methionine ) that could be bounded to phytate in plant based diet for broilers ..A total of 150 -7th days old unsexed commercial broiler chicks( Ross-308)were weighed and allotted randomly to 3 treatment groups (50 birds for each treatment)each one divided into 5 replicates with 10 chicks per each .All chicks were experimentally fed for 6 weeks on ground brooding rearing system . Three experimental diets were formulated :A) a positive control diet (PC)which was contained imported super –concentrate to suffice the essential amino acids: B) as a negative control diet (NC)based on only plant protein which was marginally deficient in lysine and methionine, and (C) NC diet supplemented with microbial phytase . All diets were formulated to be iso- nitrogenous (23CP) and iso -caloric (3100kcal/kg). The results indicated that addition of microbial phytase enzyme to NC diet caused a significant (p˂0.05) improvement in body weight gain , feed intake , feed conversion ratio , protein efficiency ratio dressing percentage and net profit of the broiler chicks , but this values are still significantly lower than that achieved by positive control (PC).

J. M. Coetzee’s Diary of a Bad Year as a Polyphonic and Hypertextual Novel

35-42Full Text

Arezu Namadi and Bahman Zarrinjooee*

Abstract
The main argument in this paper is to deal with Diary of a Bad Year(2007) by J. M. Coetzee (1941- ) both as a polyphonic and hypertextual text. Coetzee’s knowledge of literature and his ability to adjust different texts with each other is manifested in his novel, which is an intermixture of infinite heterogeneous intertexts and refers to his deliberate borrowing of words, themes, plots, or othertextual material from one text to another. Diary of a Bad Year, as a polyphonic intertext, shows the plurality of meaning of signs. This study uses theories of Mikhail M. Bakhtin (1895 -1975) who argues that each text is connected to previous and next texts and no sign lives in isolation, but it carries limitless previous written and unwritten texts. Diary of a Bad Year is a book in which textual and pictorial contexts are intertwined. According to Roland Barthes (1915-1980),“[a]ny text is a new tissue of past citations”(1981:39); i.e., every text is generally characterized by transforming and reworking some features of the original text(s). In this way, Coetzee’s Diary of a Bad Year is not excluded from such a statute. Diary of a Bad Year can certainly be defined, in Bakhtin’s words, as a “plurality of independent and unmerged voices and consciousnesses, a genuine polyphony of fully valid voices” (6). Since Coetzee’s works are the place of the intersection of several sources and the mixture of preceding texts and signs, having a complex structure which weaves multiple voices, in relation to other works. The strategy of intertextuality in Diary of a Bad Year aims at rereading, bringing into question and recycling its source texts in order to give them new meanings. Diary of a Bad Year is an example of Coetzee’s novels, which are involved in an intertextual relationship with other works and as a text which is the continuum of other texts. Humanity, hope and incarnation are the elements considered as an intertext in the works of Coetzee that are going to be analyzed based on the viewpoint of Bakhtin, Barthes, and Gerard Genette (1930- ).

Offering Automatic Trade Algorithm by Indicators of Iran Stock Exchange

43-49Full Text

Roohollah Bahmani Zargari* and Mansur Amini Lari

Abstract
The advanced technology of computer has made a vast revolution in the field of financial markets and trade approach. This technology has made two important and interrelated changes in this area. One is using computer by investors for automat zing trade processes and the other is reconstructing financial markets and furnishing them with system the electronic limit order book. With this kind of order book, there is no need for physical presence in the salon of stock market trades. In this research, the aim is to predict the next day price of shares in Tehran market by using technical analysis (analyzing the market’s diagram), math metical rules, trade rules, Geometric devices (trend line), survey devices (indicators) such as Ichimoku cloud indicator and relative strength index (RSI) and also geometrical tools. In doing so, an efficient and profitable algorithm is offered to do the selling and buying processes automatically (with the management of investor). In addition, the total index is accepted in Tehran market as a paradigm to predict the price of shares.

Examine the moderating role of job quirks in the relationship between human resource development and organizational innovation (case study:Ardabil Province Gas Company)

50-55Full Text

Akbar Minayi and Habib Ebrahimpour*

Abstract
In this research, job characteristics are diversity of skills (a level in which job needs to a variety of skills), job importance (a level in which individual's job affects his life and others job), job identity (a level in which an employee do the job completely), freedom in job (a level in which a person can freely plan the procedure of his work and have his own freedom and independence) and feedback (the amount of activities a person needs to reach to the results of his job through direct and clear information about its efficacy) are related to provocation and job satisfaction. The studied statistical population is Ardabil province gas company employees. According to Cochran formula the sample size is 279. In this study, the required data gathered by standard questionnaire. Data’s being normal investigated and to test the hypothesis of research due to the three variables normal nature we used Pearson correlation coefficient. The test result is based on the assumptions, the results of Statistical analysis of multiple correlation, indicates that this hypothesis was confirmed.

On the Emergence of Arabic Syntax Investigating different theories

56-60Full Text

Mohammad Etemadi

Abstract
As far as the emergence of syntax of Arabic language is concerned, the scientists have discussed the issue from two different angles: first, the motivations and the reasons beyond the emergence of syntax, on which there is consensus among the scientists and second, the quality and the manner of the emergence of syntax and its pioneers on which is there is no consensus and there are questions regarding the nature of syntax; for example: does syntax belong to Arabic language itself, has it been created within its Islamic context or whether it has been adopted from other cultures and languages which have had close interactions with Arabic? Finding the answer to this problem is highly significant, because this issue is not just a part of the past literature or the theoretical background, but it has big repercussions and implications for Arabic language, which is the language of Quran. It is also important for Islamic thinking within the context of Islamic rationality.

Parties affecting the 2011 Egyptian revolution

61-66Full Text

Zeynab mohammad taghinezhad* and Amir Dabirimehr

Abstract
Egyptian revolution can be called the most important political event in the Middle East in recent decade. After the victory of the revolution Tunisian revolution which would be a significant victory. Egyptian Arabic as a large and populous country, one of the most influential actors of the past few decades in the Middle East. Over the last thirty years under the rule of Hosni Mubarak's National Democratic Party politicians. Domestic tranquility and stability control, and Mubarak has tried to prevent any change in the power structure. Accordingly, he rejected much of the political groups opposed to reform, and tried to prevent the process and mechanisms of democratic and legal and role of the reinforcement of opposition groups, the curb. He succeeded in this way for years the way they want to be popular uprising in Egypt and the Islamic wave. But ultimately surrender to the people. Islamic Awakening revival phenomenon that the words Islam and fundamentalist Islamic movement arises. More than a century, the Muslim world has become one of the main issues. The main concern of the people of Egypt in the last hundred years. And efforts to realize it was a lot of different groups. That the Egyptian revolution in 2011 with the convergence of all groups and parties and the people of this country to victory. Admittedly, few expect change to happen so fast in Egypt. And changed the destiny of the country. What happened in Egypt a massive transformation was incredible.

The effect of installation angle of rock bolts on the stability of rock slopes

67-71Full Text

Mehran Baharvand* and Vahid Hosseinitoudeshki

Abstract
In this paper, the effect of installation angle of rock bolts on the stability of rock slopes was investigated. For this purpose, the rock slopes with different dips namely 30, 45, 60, and 75 degrees in jointed schist rocks were modeled using the Phase2 software and their stability were determined using the critical strength reduction factor (SRF) of slopes. The joint pattern is parallel deterministic and in order to stabilizing slopes, the rock bolts with different angles were installed on the slopes. The results show that by increasing dip of slopes, the strength reduction factor (SRF) has been decreased and the maximum of SRF in each slope is obtained for the rock bolts perpendicular to the slopes.

Comparing the reputation and fans' dependency on the team in the top four teams with the bottom four teams in the table of the football premier league

72-75Full Text

Salim Hamze Javaran* and Seyed Ahmad Nejad Sajadi

Abstract
The aim of this research was to compare the reputation and fans' dependency on the team in the top four teams in the table with the bottom four teams in the table of the football premier league.The present research was of a correlation kind and was performed in the form of field. The statistical universe included all fans of the top teams in the table (Foolad, Sepahan, Perpolis, Naft of Tehran,) and the bottom teams in the table (Zob Ahan, Fajr sepasi, Damash of Gilan, and Mes of Kerman) in 2013- 2014. The statistical sample was selected among the fans attended sport stadia. Considering at least 9000 fans attended each play, the sample size according to Morgan Table was estimated 380 persons (each team : 190) and available sampling method was used. To collect data, the reputation questionnaire (Resler, 2010) with reliability coefficient (0/83) and dependency on the team (Gay , 2009) was used..To analyze data, addition to descriptive statistical indexes, the statistical methods of ANOVA were used. The research results showed that the comparison of the reputation and fans, dependency on the team in the top four teams with the bottom four teams in the table of the football premier league is a significant and positive relationship.

The effect of magnesium on fresh weight, dry weight and potassium and calcium rate on Mentha saiva L

76-78Full Text

Mahsa Parhoon, Abdol Karim Ejraee and Faraz Amiri*

Abstract
In this study, the effect of magnesium were evaluated on menthe saiva L. Therefore,80pot were selected and the magnesium treatment at 0, 20, 40, 60 mg/kglevel of soil, from the source of magnesium oxide added to the soil. To providing and also to boost nutrient the amount of 100 mg nitrogen, 80 mg phosphorous and potassium per 1kg soil ordinary ammonium nitrate, super phosphate triple and potassium sulfate were added. Measured various included: fresh and dry weight and weight and potassium and calcium rate in every stage were measured. According to obtained results could describe such that using the treatments of 40 gr level of magnesium were shown the better effects than other treatments in often measured parameters of menthe saiva L.

VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS OF THE AERIAL PAR OF STACHYS SPECTABILIS

79-81Full Text

M.H.Meshkatalsadat* and R Amini Radpoor

Abstract
The essential oil of the aerial parts of Stachys spectabilis (Lamiaceae) were isolated by hydro-distillation. The chemical composition of volatile oil was analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Twenty five compounds were identified representing 99.37% of the total components detected. The main components were found to be: Cembrene (32.97%), Longiborn-8-ene (30.1%), Valencene (8.48%), 2pentyl-2-cyclopentene-1-one (6.26%), α -Bisabolene (5.41%).

Assessment of Air Pollution caused by Oil Investments in Basra Province-Iraq

82-86Full Text

Kadhim A. Al-Aasadi, Ali A. Alwaeli and Hussein A. Kazem*

Abstract
The paper’s aim is to analyze the concentrations of air pollution in Al-Basra province, in twelve different places where most of the places exist in oil fields, in different climate states in term of air speed, humidity and temperature. Also, concentration mean and range have been used to produce a general rate for gases concentrations through a period of time from November 2012 to July 2013. It is important to notice that finding specific rates for highest and lowest concentrations of gases can be beneficial for gas treatment solutions, and that is because of the lack of information to propose successful treatment solution in comparison with one measurement method. The reason of choosing this subject is the negative effect of air pollution on the state and citizens, which causes economical and health issues. It is important to solve air pollution problem and eliminate those economical and health concerns to provide a helpful solutions to the problem. This study contains important information for Basrah province and oil production cities.

Determination of Model Optimal Order Periodic

87-90Full Text

Mohammadali Keramati, Habibollah Javanmard and Vahid Bahmani*

Abstract
The large inventory of goods, on the one hand, causes capital stagnation and imprisonment of the material properties. On the other hand, a low inventory of materials and supplies for production and goods sale causes disorders and interruptions in business and makes workers, machinery and other resources idle, which may raise consumers’ and customers’ discontent. In both cases, the production organization would incur loss and material and spiritual severe damage. Using new techniques and methods, managers can determine the cost-effectiveness of each purchase while reducing the costs and increasing the profit. In this review study achieve to a model optimal order from among a number of periodic order models. According to the literature, WW model was determined as the optimal model.

Anti-Phosphatidylcholines and Antiphosphatidylethanolamine Antibodies in ST elevated versus non-ST elevated Acute Myocardial Infarction

91-93Full Text

Saeed Sobhanian, Abdolreza Sotoodeh Jahromi*, Mohammad Shojaei, Alireza Yusefi, Hassan Zabetian and Abdolhossien Madani

Abstract
Introduction: Many factors play a role in ischemia heart disease. One those antiPhospholipid (aPL) antibodies, that may act in the induction of immunological response leading to the development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Anti-Phosphatidylcholines (PC) antiphosphatidylethanolamine (PEA) antibodies are detected in various diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome. The study of anti-PC and antiPEA antibodies in AMI might clear etiologic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of ischemia heart disease. This study was conducted to investigate whether prevalence of anti-PC and anti-PEA antibodies, in patients who had ST-elevated AMI and in non ST-elevated AMI and to analyze their association with the type of AMI. Materials and Methods: The prevalence of anti-PC and anti-PEA antibodies IgG and IgM in a well characterized group of patients with ST-elevated and in non ST-elevated AMI were determined. Patients' sera were tested to evaluate the presence of IgG and IgM isotypes to anti-PC and also anti-PEA by ELISA method. Results: There were not seen significant differences between the prevalence of antiPC and anti-PEA IgG, IgM in ST-elevated and in non ST-elevated AMI patients (p>0.05). Discussion: Our findings suggest that anti-PC and anti-PEA antibodies seemed to have not roles in type of AMI. Further investigations are recommended to explore the exact role of these antibodies in AMI.

Comparison of Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms in Patients with MS and Non-affected Individuals

94-97Full Text

Fahimeh Nazarzadeh* and Ali Adinehvand

Abstract
This study ways to deal with stress and optimism in two groups of 68 patients with MS and 68 curls healthy that sampling were selected from Test LOT and scale Coping strategies Blyngzvmvs was used. Data analysis was performed using T-test in both groups. Variable optimism and coping styles between the two groups showed no significant difference. In each group are more optimistic than pessimistic about the problem-focused coping strategies were used. Well as the degree of optimism significantly in both groups were equal. Regression analyzes indicated that optimism - pessimism can explain significant variance in coping strategies (p<0.05).

Assessment of mortality rate and causes of death in Ghasreshirin hospital, during 2000-2010

98-102Full Text

Alireza Khatony, Alireza Abdi* and Tahere Fatahpour

Abstract
Introduction: mortality is one of the most common factors for indicating the health status of a society, for knowing the risk factors of mortality in a region, determining the causes of death is essential, therefore this study was conducted for assessing the mortality rate and causes of death in Ghasre shirin hospital during 2000-2010. Method: this research was performed in descriptive- analytical, the population was all of the referred patients to Ghasre shirin hospital during 2000-2010, and the samples include all died patients in this time. Data was gathered by use of a checklist from the records of died patients, and analyzed by SPSS 16 software and descriptive and deferential statistics. Finding: the frequency of death was 227 cases, and regarding to the inpatient clients it was 1.82 percent per year, 67.8% was male, mean and SD of age was 56.6± 22.2. The most common causes of death were cardiovascular disorders (59.9%), poisoning and injury (13.7%) and car accident (8.4%) respectively. Cause of death was related to job and age variables significantly (p<0.05). Discussion: considering the high rate of mortality by causes of cardiovascular disorders, poisoning and injury, and car accident, it is suggested for promoting the efforts for education of inhabitants and allocation health facilities for preventing and reducing this factors.